1 - Adverse effects of orthodontic procedures on the periodontal tissues

It is well established that the patients who undergo orthodontic treatment have a high susceptibility to present plaque accumulation on their teeth because of the presence of brackets, wires and/or other orthodontic elements on the teeth surfaces with which the oral hygiene procedures might be more difficult. The considerable variance of the design and the material characteristics of orthodontic elements may also play an important role in this field. The orthodontic treatment is a double-action procedure, regarding the periodontal tissues, which may be sometimes very meaningful in increasing the periodontal health status, and may be sometimes a harmful procedure which can be followed by several types of periodontal complications, namely: gingival recessions, bone dehiscences, gingival invaginations and/or the formation of gingival pockets. In this review, some initial concepts and past documented basics concerning the periodonticorthodontic interrelationships were demonstrated after categorized as follows: 1Adverse effects of orthodontic procedures on the periodontal tissues; 2How could orthodontic procedures afford some degree of protection against periodontal breakdown? 3The relationship between orthodontic treatment and oral hygiene.